Nature Immunology
Flat-lying antibody prevents disease enhancement
Flat-lying antibody prevents disease enhancement
Flat-lying antibody prevents disease enhancement, Published online: 15 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0239-3
An antibody to dengue virus that lies flat on its target, neutralizes the virus and also prevents antibody-dependent enhancement of infection is now identified.Characterization of a potent and highly unusual minimally enhancing antibody directed against dengue virus
Characterization of a potent and highly unusual minimally enhancing antibody directed against dengue virus
Characterization of a potent and highly unusual minimally enhancing antibody directed against dengue virus, Published online: 15 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0227-7
Immunity to one serotype of dengue virus can worsen disease following exposure to another serotype, a process called ‘antibody-dependent enhancement’. Grimes and colleagues characterize the function and structural basis of an unusual, potent and broadly neutralizing antibody that lacks such activity.Transcription-factor-mediated supervision of global genome architecture maintains B cell identity
Transcription-factor-mediated supervision of global genome architecture maintains B cell identity
Transcription-factor-mediated supervision of global genome architecture maintains B cell identity, Published online: 15 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0234-8
The transcription factor Pax5 enforces B cell identity. Nutt, Allan and colleagues show that Pax5 is needed to establish and maintain the three-dimensional genome organization of B cells throughout their lineage development.Targeting fibrin in neurodegeneration
Targeting fibrin in neurodegeneration
Targeting fibrin in neurodegeneration, Published online: 15 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0241-9
Deposition of fibrin in the brain and central nervous system occurs after injury or disease. This process unmasks a conserved cryptic epitope of fibrin that activates microglia; blocking this interaction can limit inflammation and neurotoxicity.Remote control of γc expression by arginine methylation
Remote control of γc expression by arginine methylation
Remote control of γc expression by arginine methylation, Published online: 15 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0240-x
Arginine methylation is a post-translational modification that controls the abundance of γc cytokine receptor on mature T cells by a post-transcriptional mechanism.Arginine methylation controls the strength of γc-family cytokine signaling in T cell maintenance
Arginine methylation controls the strength of γc-family cytokine signaling in T cell maintenance
Arginine methylation controls the strength of γc-family cytokine signaling in T cell maintenance, Published online: 15 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0222-z
PRMT arginine methyltransferases mediate post-translational modification. Takayanagi and colleagues show that a lack of PRMT5 in cells of the T cell lineage compromises their response to cytokines dependent on the common γ-chain, due to aberrant splicing of mRNA transcripts encoding the common γ-chain and its associated kinase JAK3.Fibrin-targeting immunotherapy protects against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration
Fibrin-targeting immunotherapy protects against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration
Fibrin-targeting immunotherapy protects against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, Published online: 15 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0232-x
Fibrin deposition occurs after the blood–brain barrier is breached. Akassoglou and colleagues generate a therapeutic monoclonal antibody that targets a cryptic fibrin epitope to suppress activation of innate immune responses in the CNS and diminish neuroinflammation.Unique pattern of neutrophil migration and function during tumor progression
Unique pattern of neutrophil migration and function during tumor progression
Unique pattern of neutrophil migration and function during tumor progression, Published online: 15 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0229-5
Neutrophils are linked to tumor progression. Gabrilovich and colleagues demonstrate that neutrophils have tumor-stage-dependent alterations in motility, function and metabolism: in early phases, they are highly motile with altered metabolism, whereas at later stages, they become highly suppressive.Viral exploitation of mTOR
Viral exploitation of mTOR
Viral exploitation of mTOR, Published online: 24 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0223-y
Viral exploitation of mTORInfection perturbs Bach2- and Bach1-dependent erythroid lineage ‘choice’ to cause anemia
Infection perturbs Bach2- and Bach1-dependent erythroid lineage ‘choice’ to cause anemia
Infection perturbs Bach2- and Bach1-dependent erythroid lineage ‘choice’ to cause anemia, Published online: 24 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0202-3
Environmental cues instruct cell fate during hematopoiesis. Igarashi and colleagues show that the transcription factors Bach1 and Bach2 promote erythropoiesis and suppress myelopoiesis. Infection and inflammatory signals suppress Bach expression, which results in anemia.Bleeding anti-inflammatory
Bleeding anti-inflammatory
Bleeding anti-inflammatory, Published online: 24 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0221-0
Bleeding anti-inflammatoryThe identity and function of microglia in neurodegeneration
The identity and function of microglia in neurodegeneration
The identity and function of microglia in neurodegeneration, Published online: 24 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0212-1
Song and Colonna provide an overview of the common microglial response to neurodegeneration and discuss insights from mouse models and the study of human disease-associated genes.Iron strength
Iron strength
Iron strength, Published online: 24 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0218-8
Iron strengthAnti-tumor role of metformin
Anti-tumor role of metformin
Anti-tumor role of metformin, Published online: 24 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0224-x
Anti-tumor role of metforminTB prognostic marker
TB prognostic marker
TB prognostic marker, Published online: 24 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0219-7
TB prognostic markerA more human mouse
A more human mouse
A more human mouse, Published online: 24 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0220-1
A more human mouseHumoral immunity goes hormonal
Humoral immunity goes hormonal
Humoral immunity goes hormonal, Published online: 19 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0216-x
Studies of mice demonstrate a link between the female hormone estrogen and protection against bacteremia and sepsis through the induction of natural antibodies to Eshcerichia coli.NKILA lncRNA promotes tumor immune evasion by sensitizing T cells to activation-induced cell death
NKILA lncRNA promotes tumor immune evasion by sensitizing T cells to activation-induced cell death
NKILA lncRNA promotes tumor immune evasion by sensitizing T cells to activation-induced cell death, Published online: 17 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0207-y
lncRNAs can regulate immune responses at a number of levels. Song and colleagues demonstrate that the lncRNA NKILA is expressed by tumor-associated cytotoxic T cells, and this predisposes them to activation-induced cell death and escape of tumors from immunologically mediated destruction.NK cell receptor NKG2D sets activation threshold for the NCR1 receptor early in NK cell development
NK cell receptor NKG2D sets activation threshold for the NCR1 receptor early in NK cell development
NK cell receptor NKG2D sets activation threshold for the NCR1 receptor early in NK cell development, Published online: 17 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0209-9
Polić and colleagues show that the activating receptor NKG2D specifically sets the activation threshold for the activating receptor NCR1, providing a mechanism distinct from previously known mechanisms of NK cell education.The effect of cellular context on miR-155-mediated gene regulation in four major immune cell types
The effect of cellular context on miR-155-mediated gene regulation in four major immune cell types
The effect of cellular context on miR-155-mediated gene regulation in four major immune cell types, Published online: 17 September 2018; doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0208-x
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs via complementarity with seed sequences. Rudensky and colleagues provide genome-wide profiles of the microRNA miR-155 in multiple immune cell lineages and identify its cell-type effects on gene expression.